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Abstract
ABSTRACT The variability of agronomic performance and of input use level of wheat commercial fields allows the identification of the factors with the greatest contribution to its economic performance. The objective of this work was to identify the main factors related to the variability of economic performance in wheat commercial fields in the Southern Region of Parana State. The study was based on data from 65, 64 and 80 farms in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. The variables evaluated were: costs of fertilizer, herbicide, insecticide, fungicide and seed; grain yield; and simplified gross margin (SGM). Data were subjected to Principal Components Analysis followed by Cluster Analysis. The variability of wheat economic performance was mainly related to grain yield, fertilizers cost and seed costs. Grain yield is one of the most important factors to determination of economic performance of wheat commercial fields in the studied region, and a greater investment in fertilizers and with seeds can decrease it. It must be considered that the cost reduction might be obtained with suitable management practices, and the contribution of items of cost analyzed to economic performance may be different in each cropping season probably due to variations of the cost profile and grain yield.
Highlights
Wheat is the main winter crop in Southern Brazil with 1,7 million hectares planted, and the State of Paraná is the main wheat producer, responsible for about 50% of Brazilian production in the last decade (Conab, 2017)
The study was based on data of wheat commercial fields owned by farmers who are associated with a cooperative situated in the Southern Region of Paraná State, whose area of activity comprises 115.000 hectares covering 14 cities
The field establishment and plant protection costs (FEPPC), gross income and simplified gross margin (SGM) varied between years: the lowest FEPPC and the highest gross income and SGM in 2013; the highest FEPPC and the lowest gross income and SGM in 2015
Summary
Wheat is the main winter crop in Southern Brazil with 1,7 million hectares planted, and the State of Paraná is the main wheat producer, responsible for about 50% of Brazilian production in the last decade (Conab, 2017). Wheat cultivation has many technical and economic advantages for cropping systems as it provides a rational and efficient use of soil, resulting in less soil erosion (Canziani & Guimarães, 2009), summer crop weed control (Nichols et al, 2015), and a strategy to reduce farm operating costs (Baumgratz et al, 2017). Regardless these advantages, in the last decade the wheat cultivated area in the South region varied from one year to another between an increase of 19% and decrease of 18% (Conab, 2017). Wheat cultivation is unattractive because of the unsatisfactory insurance instruments, decapitalization or low investment capability, and unstable market (De Mori & Ignaczak, 2011)
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