Factors related to peri‐implantitis – a retrospective study

Abstract

Retrospectively, we assessed the likelihood that peri-implantitis was associated with a history of systemic disease, periodontitis, and smoking habits. Data on probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and radiographic bone levels were obtained from individuals with dental implants. Peri-implantitis was defined as described by Sanz & Chapple 2012. Control individuals had healthy conditions or peri-implant mucositis. Information on past history of periodontitis, systemic diseases, and on smoking habits was obtained. One hundred and seventy-two individuals had peri-implantitis (mean age: 68.2years, SD±8.7), and 98 individuals (mean age: 44.7years, SD±15.9) had implant health/peri-implant mucositis. The mean difference in bone level at implants between groups was 3.5mm (SE mean±0.4, 95% CI: 2.8, 4.3, P<0.001). A history of cardiovascular disease was found in 27.3% of individuals with peri-implantitis and in 3.0% of individuals in the implant health/peri-implant mucositis group. When adjusting for age, smoking, and gender, odds ratio (OR) of having peri-implantitis and a history of cardiovascular disease was 8.7 (95% CI: 1.9, 40.3 P<0.006), and odds ratio of having a history of periodontitis was 4.5 (95% CI 2.1, 9.7, P<0.001). Smoking or gender did not significantly contribute to the outcome. In relation to a diagnosis of peri-implantitis, a high likelihood of comorbidity was expressed by a history of periodontitis and a history of cardiovascular disease.