Factors Related to Malaria Prevalence in Kampar Kiri Tengah Sub District, Kampar District, Riau Province in 2005 – 2006

Abstract

Kampar Kiri Tengah Sub-District has the highest number of malaria patients (AMI: 79,19) out of 18 sub-district in Kampar district. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium and transmitted out by anopheles sp mosquitoes. Until now, malaria is a major health problem in Indonesia and is one of the top ten high fatality diseases in Indonesia, and detrimental to socio-economic field. This study utilizes a case control research design and the objective was to find out the factors related to the occurrence of malaria disease in Kampar Kiri Tengah Sub-District, Kampar District. The case group consists of patients who visited health centre and showed clinical symptoms of malaria and whose blood examination result was positive. The control group consisted of patients who do not have clinical symptoms of malaria and the blood examination is negative. The number of case group and control group is 69 patients, respectively. Factors studied are mosquito breeding sites, living next to large cattle barns, the use of bed net, anti-mosquito chemical, wire netting, and repellent. The result of the study suggested that there are five variables related to occurrence of malaria, namely mosquito breeding sites with p value = 0,006 (OR 2,8 ; 95% CI 1,381-5,512), living next to large cattle with p value = 0,001 (OR 3,2 ; 95% CI 1,650-6,693), the use of bed net with p value = 0,017 (OR 2,4 ; 95% CI 1,226 - 4,845), the use of anti-mosquito chemicals with p value = 0,026 (OR 2,3; 95% CI 1,158 - 4,564) and the use of wire netting with p value = 0,027 (OR 2,3 ; 95% CI 1,153 - 4,513). Multivariate analysis showed that most dominant factors is living next to large cattle, followed by mosquito breeding sites and the use of anti-mosquito chemical.