Factors Related to Knowledge of Stroke Symptoms and Risk Factors in a Norwegian Stroke Population

Abstract

Previous studies have identified insufficient knowledge of stroke symptoms and risk factors both among survivors of stroke and in the general population. The purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge of stroke symptoms and risk factors in a Norwegian stroke population and to identify factors associated with good knowledge. This prospective study included patients with acute transient ischemic attack, ischemic stroke, and intracerebral hemorrhage. Knowledge of stroke symptoms and risk factors was explored by asking open-ended questions. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify factors related to good knowledge. In total, 287 patients (mean age±standard deviation, 70.0±12.9years) answered the open-ended questionnaire of which 71% knew at least 1 symptom of stroke whereas 43% knew at least 1 risk factor. Knowledge of both numbness/weakness and speech difficulties as symptoms of stroke (43% of the patients) was associated with lower age (odds ratio [OR], .96; 95% confidence interval [CI], .94-.99), higher education (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17-4.30), and having previously received information regarding stroke (OR, 7.74; 95% CI, 3.82-15.67). Knowing at least 2 of the 3 risk factors of stroke "smoking", "hypertension", and "diabetes" (14% of the patients) was associated with lower age (OR, .94; 95% CI, .92-.97). Knowledge of stroke symptoms and risk factors in patients with acute cerebrovascular disease seems to be insufficient. Further educational efforts are needed, as better knowledge may improve prevention of stroke and increase the number of patients who can receive thrombolysis.