Factors of the formation of suicidal behavior in patients of a psychiatric hospital

Abstract

The article studies the factors of the formation of suicidal behavior in patients of a psychiatric hospital. For this, we studied 370 archival case histories of patients in psychiatric hospitals after committing a suicidal attempt and expressing suicidal thoughts before hospitalization, as well as patients with various mental disorders who committed suicidal attempts (81 people) and expressing suicidal intentions before admission to a psychiatric hospital (80 people). Clinical-psychopathological, experimental-psychological and psychometric examination methods were used. It was found that in the «archival» groups (with suicidal attempts and statements), there was a predominance of patients suffering from organic mental disorders, and among inpatients — schizophrenia. It was shown that in patients examined in a hospital using the Pierce scale, the most common were medium and high levels of suicidal intentions, and according to the C-SSRS scale, 50,0 % of them had the most severe suicidal ideas with a specific plan for their implementation. The highest frequency and duration of suicidal ideation was found in patients with personality disorders. It was shown that both according to the study of archival case histories and the results of inpatient examination, heredity aggravated by alcoholism was most often noted (25,4 % and 25,9 %), less often — mental disorders (15,4 % and 11,1 %). In patients after suicidal attempts more often than with suicidal statements, mild depressive disorder (33,3 % and 30,0 %) and depressive disorder of extreme severity (12,3 % and 7,5 %) were determined. When analyzing personality-psychological factors, it was found that in persons who committed suicidal attempts, rigidity (32,1 %), withdrawal (30,9 %) and excitability (25,9 %) prevailed. In general, the study showed that the prevention of suicidal behavior should be carried out in all patients, without exception, admitted to a psychiatric hospital with a suicidal mental pathology.