Factors of Dynamics of Global Political Processes

Abstract

The article highlights the factors that have either a retarding or accelerating effect on the dynamics of global political processes. The factors that have a retarding effect on the dynamics of global political processes include the following: growing income inequality and social stratification within most countries of the world; the erosion of democracy and the decline in popularity of the Western liberal model of development as a reference model; the growth of support for populism policies; the conflict between globalization and the national interests of the State, especially exacerbated during the pandemic; the policy of protectionism; the crisis of global governance; the spread of ideas of anti-globalism. These factors provoke the trend of globalization. Factors that influence the acceleration of the dynamics of global political processes: increasing inequality between countries and intensifying competition between them; digitalization; an increase in the number and aggravation of global problems, among which climate change occupies a special place; the crisis in the field of global health (all this shows the need for integration and cooperation of countries to overcome them); global migration; expansion of the number of non-state actors; the emergence of the phenomenon of hybrid warfare and the changing nature of conflicts; a new concept of security; the expansion of global consciousness and the ideology of globalism; the idea of multipolarity. These factors prevail in the overall balance and give rise to a tendency of accelerated movement towards a multipolar polycentric world. The interaction of these two groups of factors generates an unstable and nonlinear nature of the dynamics of global political processes. The most important consequence of the acceleration of the dynamics of global political processes is the gradual emergence of a new configuration of the geopolitical landscape and the transformation of the global geopolitical space, the change in the ratio of geopolitical forces and the shift of the center of gravity from West to East.