Factors of angiogenesis in the development of physiological and pathological processes of the female gonads

Abstract

The literature review focuses on the role of various growth factors in the developing vasculature of the ovary. Vascularization plays an important role in physiological processes such as development and atresia of a follicle, the formation of the yellow body and the pathological: ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, the formation of follicular cysts, the development of cystic ovaries, endometriosis, dysfunctional uterine bleeding. The main angiogenic factor identified vascular endothelial growth factor, participates independently and through the mediating factors in baryogenesis, which plays an important role in endothelial cell differentiation and development of vascular pattern, stimulating endothelial proliferation, migration and survival of extravascular cells of the ovary. Angiogenic activity in the ovary is also under the control of other growth factors: fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, platelet growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 and cytokines such as tumor necrotic factor, interleukins, components of the extracellular matrix (laminin, fibronectin) and their receptors (integrins), matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors and regulators, proteases (plasminogen, activators urokinase and urokinase tissue type), as well as hypoxia, hypoglycemia and stress. Presents different points of view on the problem of vasculogenesis in the female gonad, as well as directions for future fundamental and practical research.