Abstract
BackgroundEvidence has been synthesized to determine hindering and facilitating factors associated with the work participation of adults with developmental dyslexia (DD), classified according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).MethodsA systematic literature review has been performed. Two search strings were used to determine the population and the context of work. The ICF was expanded with two subdivisions: one that made the environmental factors more work-related and a subdivision of personal factors. For data extraction the method known as qualitative metasummary was used and the manifest frequency effect size (MFES) for each category in the ICF was calculated.ResultsFrom 33 included studies 318 factors have been extracted and classified in the ICF. In the classification the frequency of occurrences and the consistency in direction (i.e., hindering or facilitating) have been made visible. The ICF categories with the highest MFES were mental functions with factors like feelings and emotions about dyslexia; activities like reading or writing/spelling; participation with factors like acquiring and keeping a job; social relationships at work where the attitudes and support of the employer and co-workers are important; working conditions with factors like the availability of assistive technology and accommodations on the job; and personal factors like self-disclosure and coping strategies.ConclusionsIn the context of work DD affects nearly all domains of functioning, mostly in a negative way. Within each domain the impact of DD increases over the course of life. To overcome that negative influence, many forms of adaptation, compensation, or coping are mentioned. Also notable is the lack of positive attitudes toward DD of the participants with DD—with the exception of the attitudes of teachers with DD—as well as on the part of colleagues, supervisors, and employers.
Highlights
Evidence has been synthesized to determine hindering and facilitating factors associated with the work participation of adults with developmental dyslexia (DD), classified according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)
It is known that 80% of the children and adolescents identified as having learning disabilities have DD [3]
In both a Dutch and an American population-based study de Beer et al BMC Public Health 2014, 14:77 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/77 the prevalence of DD among children at the end of their primary education is about 4–5% [6,7]
Summary
Evidence has been synthesized to determine hindering and facilitating factors associated with the work participation of adults with developmental dyslexia (DD), classified according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). It is known that 80% of the children and adolescents identified as having learning disabilities have DD [3] In both a Dutch and an American population-based study de Beer et al BMC Public Health 2014, 14:77 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/77 the prevalence of DD among children at the end of their primary education is about 4–5% [6,7]. These percentages reflect the prevalence rates from 2–11% mentioned in the International Book of Dyslexia [8], in which a short description of dyslexia in 54 countries is given.
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