Abstract

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 국내 입양아동의 학교적응 수준을 일반아동과 비교를 통해 파악하고, 일반적 특성에 따른 학교적응의 차이를 확인함과 동시에 학교적응에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 탐색하는데 있다. 방법: 2006년부터 구축된 국내 입양아동패널은 2018년 기준 12년간 2년 간격으로 총 6차례의 양적 종단조사가 이루어졌으며, 본 연구에서는 2018년 ‘국내 입양아동 발달에 관한 6차년도 양적 종단조사’ 자료를 활용하였으며, 초등학교 4학년 이상 입양아동 107명을 최종분석에 포함하였다. 결과: 국내 입양아동의 전체 학교적응 수준은 일반아동보다 유의미하게 높았으며, 특히 학교규칙, 교우관계, 교사관계 하위영역에서 일반아동보다 높게 나타났다. 반면에 일부 입양아동들은 때림과 따돌림 학교문제를 경험함과 동시에 학교 만족도가 일반아동에 비해 낮은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 성별, 학년, 또래 입양사실 공개 여부, 입양놀림 경험 유무에 따라 하위영역 및 전체 학교적응 수준에 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 마지막으로, 입양아동의 학년, 자아탄력성, 희망 교육수준, 또래애착이 전체 학교적응에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었으며, 학교적응의 각 하위영역에 영향을 미치는 요인들은 조금씩 다르게 나타났다. 결론: 연구결과를 토대로 국내 입양아동의 학교적응을 향상시키기 위한 이론적, 실천적 개입 방안에 대해 언급하였으며, 향후 후속연구에 대한 제안을 제시하였다.Objectives: The purpose of this study is to understand the school adjustment of domestic adopted children in South Korea through the comparison with their non-adopted peers and to find the differences in their school adjustment according to their general characteristics and adoption-related factors. Methods: The data of the Panel Study on Adopted Korean Children has been established since 2006. The longitudinal study was conducted at two-year intervals for 12 years until 2018. 107 domestic adopted children (4th graders in elementary school and older children) of 6th wave data was used for the analysis. Results: First, the overall school adjustment of domestic adopted children was significantly higher than that of their non-adopted peers, especially in the subdomains of school adjustment such as obedience to school rules, relationship with peers, and relationship with teachers. On the other hand, some of the adopted children had school problems such as, school violence and bullying in school, and their school satisfaction was lower than non-adopted peers. Second, there was a significant difference in the level of subdomains and overall school adaptation according to gender, grade, adoption status (disclose or secret) and whether to tease due to adoption. Third, the level of school, ego resilience, educational expectations and peer attachment affected the overall school adjustment, and specific factors affecting each subdomain were slightly different. Conclusions: Based on the results of the study, the theoretical and practical guidelines to improve the school adjustment of adopted children were suggested. Also, suggestions for the future research were discussed.

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