Abstract
Increased food quality and crowding during the last nymphal instar promote the formation of long-winged Zonocerus variegatus adults. Wing length is not related to the number or to the duration of the nymphal instars. Absence of juvenile hormone (JH) in the last nymphal instar results in the formation of long-winged adults whilst addition of exogenous JH analogue results in the formation of short-winged adults. Excess JH causes supernumerary nymph formation. It is concluded that environmental stimuli and feeding act on the endocrine system so as to alter the JH titre in the last instar and thereby determine wing length in the adult.
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