Factors Influencing the Medication Adherence in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Impact on Healthcare Utilization

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to investigate the factors influencing medication adherence among adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and impact of central nervous system stimulants (CNS) adherence on healthcare utilization (HCU). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2013 to 2019, with participants (≥18 years of age) with ADHD and had at least one CNS prescription. Multivariate logistic and linear regression were utilized to evaluate the medication adherence and its impact on HCU, respectively. Result: Total 798 (10,718,005 weighted) ADHD patients, were mostly White (81%), aged between 18 and 25 (35%), and non-adherent to CNS (65%). The use of extended-release medications (OR = 1.51 [1.03, 2.23]) and new users (OR = 3.46 [2.12, 5.63], p ≤ .05) were positively associated with medication adherence. The adherent group utilized more outpatient visits (0.04 vs. 0.46) and prescription refills (18.38 vs. 31.25) compared to non-adherent. Conclusion: Our findings can be applied to improve the medication adherence, patient education, and optimize intervention for adults with ADHD.