Abstract
Elderly people are at risk in overnutrition or undernutrition, and thus leading to cause multiple diseases. Responding to this, ‘Four Pillars of Balanced Nutrition’ is recommended to promote health status, particularly in Integrated Service Post for Retired People (Posyandu lansia). However, there is limited evidence regarding factors influencing the implementation of ‘Four Pillars of Balanced Nutrition’. Retired Health Cadre is a BTPN bank-funded program which provides similar facilities to regular Integrated Service Post with several adjustments including time, services and the usage of peer counseling. Therefore, this cross sectional study was aimed to investigate the correlation of the frequency of participant attendance, gender, education level and income of elderly people in Retired Health Cadre Program to implement ‘Four Pillars of Balanced Nutrition’. This research was conducted in BTPN Salatiga branch offices with forty-four participants aged 60-74 years, enrolled by consecutive sampling method. Data collected include general characteristics, single 24-hour recall, level of physical activity and questionnaire of implementation clean and healthy lifestyle. The participants' weight and height were measured to calculate BMI. Statistical analysis included univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using chi-square and multivariate analysis using logistic regression. Bivariate analysis showed no correlation between the program attendance frequency with Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) (p=0.1000), physical activity (p=0.383), clean and healthy lifestyle implementation (p=0.357) and nutrition status (p=0.068). However, the multivariate analysis showed that the level of education affects food diversity more than the frequency of attendance (p=0.019) and frequency of attendance is the factor that affects nutritional status most (p=0.037) compared to others. In conclusion, there was no correlation between participant attendance frequency toward dietary diversity, physical activity, clean and healthy lifestyle implementation and nutrition status among elderly participants of Retired Health Cadre Program in BTPN Salatiga. However, dietary diversity was affected by education level while the nutrition status was affected by the frequency of attending.
Highlights
The data shows that adults above 75 years old by far have the highest prevalence in developing hypertension and cardiovascular disease with 69.5% and 4.7% respectively (Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2018)
While type 2 diabetes mostly occurred on the elderly aged 55-64 years with 6.3% (Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2018)
There was no correlation between attendance frequency toward Four Pillar of Balanced Nutrition
Summary
People are more prone to have both undernutrition and overweight for several reasons. These conditions related to many factors like problems in chewing and digestion, or lack of appetite which contribute to loss of weight. Overweight raises the risk of mortality to suffer from diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases (Ahmed and Haboubi, 2010). The data shows that adults above 75 years old by far have the highest prevalence in developing hypertension and cardiovascular disease with 69.5% and 4.7% respectively (Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2018). While type 2 diabetes mostly occurred on the elderly aged 55-64 years with 6.3% (Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2018). Several methods are established in order to decrease this number including to apply the principle of balanced
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