Factors Influencing the Extent of Push-Pull Technology Expansion Among Smallholder Maize Farmers in Homa Bay, Kenya

Kenneth W. Sibiko ,Hillary K. Bett ,Robert Ouko Gwada

doi:10.7176/jesd/10-7-08

Abstract

The research is financed by African Economic Research Consortium (AERC)and Egerton University Abstract Dissemination, continued uptake and expansion of the area covered by push-pull technology (PPT), remain critical requirements in addressing the major constraints facing maize production such as infestation by striga weed and stem borers, and declining soil fertility for improved livelihoods. Despite increasing investment and literature on PPT in Homa Bay County, there are still smallholder farmers who for unknown reasons have chosen only to expand a smaller portion of their potential land for PPT or those who have chosen to reduce the area covered by PPT since adoption. This study econometrically addresses this information gap by looking at the rate and factors influencing extent of PPT expansion. A multi-stage sampling procedure was applied to select a sample of 240 smallholder farmers in Homa Bay County. Data were obtained through a face-to-face interviews using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire, and analyzed using censored tobit model. The results revealed relatively low PPT expansion rate of about 48.59%. Tobit results revealed that gender, marital status, access to extension services, dissemination pathways, perception on the stem borer severity, napier seed availability, longevity of PPT use, total size of cultivable land, and distance to the nearest market significantly influenced the extent of PPT expansion. Interestingly, farmer-to-farmer, field days and farmer teachers were found to be the most important and effective dissemination pathways enhancing the extent of PPT expansion. Therefore, the paper recommends policies that seek to ensure equitable access to output and input markets, efficient and effective extension system, as well as those that ensure strengthening of social institutions for extensive use of PPT. Again, such policies should ensure establishment of an integrated input development system which involves all stakeholders in the development and dissemination of PPT inputs such as desmodium seeds. Keywords: Dissemination, Continued Adoption, Extent of PPT Expansion, Censored Tobit Model DOI : 10.7176/JESD/10-7-08 Publication date : April 30 th 2019

Highlights

In Kenya, agriculture remains the backbone as well as the major contributor to the national economy, predominantly practiced by majority of smallholder farmers (KNBS, 2017)
74), non-adopters (n = 115) and Push-pull technology (PPT) dis-adopters (n = 49), and the results presented in Table 2 and 3
High literary level among PPT continuous users implies that smallholder farmers with higher literacy levels are much more informed, can effectively seek and interpret information related to the importance of different new and improved agricultural production technologies

Summary

Introduction

In Kenya, agriculture remains the backbone as well as the major contributor to the national economy, predominantly practiced by majority of smallholder farmers (KNBS, 2017). Previous studies indicated that Stem borers, parasitic striga and low soil fertility jointly lead to grain yield losses of about 5-80% in Homa Bay County, and this depends on a number of biological, chemical and environmental factors (Kfir et al, 2002; Khan et al, 2008a; Khan et al, 2014). These pests and weeds competes for nutrient and moisture needs, thereby suppressing the growth of the maize plant; resulting to a severe reduction in the amount of grain output or even total crop damage in severe cases

Methods

Results

Conclusion