Factors Influencing the Action Point of the Collision Avoidance Manoeuvre

Marcin Przywarty,Renata Boć,Tanja Brcko,Marko Perkovič

doi:10.3390/app11167299

Marcin Przywarty, Renata Boć + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167299

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Abstract

Perhaps the most problematic issue regarding navigation safety management is the unknown, or unknowable, is the navigator’s decision made in the face of a dangerous situation. This applies particularly to collision-avoidance. The aim of the article is to identify factors that influence the moment of decision during a collision-avoidance manoeuvre and to define theoretical distributions that can be used during modelling of a navigator’s behaviour. The applicable research was divided into two stages. In the first, the distance between ships and the time to closest point of approach (TCPA) were analysed. In the second, the influence of the size of the target ships and relative speed were investigated. The advantage of the paper is its use of actual observations collected in real situations. The proposed approach allows for a better understanding of the navigator’s actual decision-making, which will be instructive in measures taken to improve navigational safety.

Highlights

Collision Avoidance Manoeuvre.Human error remains one of the most common causes of maritime accidents [1,2,3], responsible for between 40% and as much as 90% or even more of accidents [4,5,6]
For the situations in the open sea areas, the results indicate that according to the K-S test, the best fitted theoretical distributions are normal and Weibull, while the chi-squared test indicates the Rayleigh distribution
The results show that for all situations analysed together and for the open sea area, the log-normal distribution is the theoretical distribution best fitted to the obtained measthe log-normal distribution is the theoretical distribution best fitted to the obtained meaurements

Summary

Introduction

Collision Avoidance Manoeuvre.Human error remains one of the most common causes of maritime accidents [1,2,3], responsible for between 40% and as much as 90% or even more of accidents [4,5,6]. Rule 16 adds that “Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, far as possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear.” This is where science is mocked by common sense, essentially, some of the best experts in navigation have been reduced by the difficulty of the task to the maritime equivalent of driving instructors: Try not to hit anything. Based on such ambiguous yet obvious information, it is difficult to build a collision-avoidance decision model that would reflect the navigator’s behaviour in collision situations. The development of such models is necessary to enhance

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Conclusion