Abstract
Pyelonephritis is often considered a benign disease, yet in some studies as high as 35 percent of the cases progressed to severe renal disease. Treatment failures occur because of relapse of infection, emergence of secondary infecting organisms, re-infection and the development of antibiotic resistance. In addition, inadequate renal tissue concentrations of antibiotics account for a majority of treatment failures. The factors which influence diffusion of antibiotics into renal tissues are discussed. The importance of renal medullary tissue levels of antibiotics is emphasized, as well as the influence that protein binding, non-ionic diffusion and the state of hydration have on these levels. Distribution kinetics of sulfisoxazole, ampicillin, tetracyclines, cephalosporins, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, carbenicillin indanyl sodium, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim as they relate to the treatment of pyelonephritis are also presented.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
