Abstract
The success rate of dental implants depends on primary and secondary stability. We investigate predictive factors for future risk stratification models. We retrospectively analyze 272 patients with a total of 582 implants. Implant stability is measured with resonance frequency analysis and evaluated based on the implant stability quotient (ISQ). A linear regression model with regression coefficients (reg. coeff.) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) is applied to assess predictive factors for implant stability. Implant diameter (reg. coeff.: 3.28; 95% CI: 1.89–4.66, p < 0.001), implant length (reg. coeff.: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.26–1.08, p < 0.001), and implant localization (maxillary vs. mandibular, reg. coeff.: −7.45, 95% CI: −8.70–(−6.20), p < 0.001) are significant prognostic factors for primary implant stability. An increase in ISQ between insertion and exposure is significantly correlated with healing time (reg. coeff.: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.04–0.19). Patients with maxillary implants have lower ISQ at insertion but show a higher increase in ISQ after insertion than patients with mandibular implants. We observe positive associations between primary implant stability and implant diameter, implant length, and localization (mandibular vs. maxillary). An increase in implant stability between insertion and exposure is significantly correlated with healing time and is higher for maxillary implants. These predictive factors should be further evaluated in prospective cohort studies to develop future preoperative risk-stratification models.
Highlights
Implant stability can be defined as an absence of clinical implant mobility and consists of primary and secondary implant stability [1]
Thommen implants were predominantly inserted in men
A multivariable linear mixed regression model of the included predictive factors revealed that implant diameter, implant length, Straumann implant (STR) vs. SPI implant system, and maxillary vs. mandibular (reg. coeff.: −7.45, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): −8.70–(−6.20), p < 0.001) were significantly associated with primary implant stability (Figure 4)
Summary
Implant stability can be defined as an absence of clinical implant mobility and consists of primary and secondary implant stability [1]. Primary stability includes the mechanical attachment of an implant in the surrounding bone at the insertion, whereas secondary implant stability is the tissue response to the implant and subsequent bone remodeling processes. Primary implant stability is known to be a crucial factor for successful osseointegration of dental implants [2,3]. There is sufficient evidence to accept a positive correlation between primary implant stability and implant success, as the success relies on the sustainable integration of the implants into hard and soft tissues [3,4,5,6].
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