Abstract
The spreading of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is growing out of control in Indonesia since the first two confirmed cases were announced in March 2020. Physical distancing measures are key to slowing down COVID-19 transmission. This study investigated factors associated with physical distancing compliance among young adults in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area, Indonesia. A convergent photovoice mixed methods design was used. Quantitatively, using data from 330 young adults in Jakarta Metropolitan Area, Indonesia, physical distancing compliance scores and its associated factors were analyzed with hierarchical linear regression. Responses from 18 young adults in online focus group discussions and 29 young adults in photovoice were analyzed with thematic analysis. Then, the findings were integrated using joint displays. The mean compliance score of young adults was 23.2 out of 27.0. The physical distancing compliance score was higher among those who worked or studied from home (β = 0.14, p <0.05), compared with those who resumed work at an office or study at school. Celebrating religious days (β = -0.15, p <0.05) and having hometown in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (β = -0.12, p <0.05) were negatively associated with higher physical distancing compliance scores. Joint displays expanded the reasons for workplace policy, awareness, and social pressure as facilitators and barriers to compliance. Young adults' physical distancing compliance scores were high, but they are at risk of not complying due to religious events and changes in workplace policies. Beyond individual efforts, external factors, such as workplace policies and social pressure, play a major role to influence their physical distancing compliance.
Highlights
A year after the first identification of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the virus continues to spread globally
The study population consisted of young adults aged 20 to 35 years, who work in the Jakarta area, and live in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area, which comprises Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi
This study found that religious celebration and having hometown in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area were associated with lower compliance scores
Summary
In this convergent mixed methods cross-sectional study, data were collected through quantitative online self-administered questionnaires and qualitative photovoice and online focus group discussions (online FGDs). The study population consisted of young adults aged 20 to 35 years, who work in the Jakarta area, and live in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area, which comprises Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi. Young adults were recruited via snowball convenience sampling using messaging applications and social media networks. Data were collected from July to August 2020. The sample size calculation for the quantitative component was made based on quarantine compliance during the 2009 influenza outbreak in Australia among those who took time off work [8]. Assuming an incomplete response rate of 10% to the online survey, the final sample size was calculated as 333
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