Factors influencing patients' adoption and use of mobile health applications for diabetes self-management: a systematic review

Abstract

Mobile health (mHealth) apps can facilitate diabetes self-management (DSM) and assist in reducing the risk of complications, enhancing diabetes control and improving patient outcomes. The objectives of this systematic review were to (1) determine the adoption level of DSM apps among diabetes patients, (2) identify the factors associated with the adoption and use of DSM apps, and (3) explore patients’ perspectives of DSM apps and the predominant preferred features. A comprehensive literature search was performed in four electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, PsychNet, and IEEE Xplore digital library using the PRISMA guidelines. Relevant data and information were collected from studies published between 2016 and 2023, fulfilling the inclusion criteria (n = 26), and thematic analysis was performed. The adoption level of mHealth apps for DSM among diabetic patients ranged from 7.0% to 47.0%, and diverse factors relating to patients’ demographics, preferences and experiences were identified. Overall, older, male and less educated patients were less likely to adopt DSM apps, while the intention to use these apps was influenced by patients’ perceived benefits, recommendations by patients and healthcare professionals, and ease of use. Given that most of the reviewed studies were conducted in developed countries, the present patients’ adoption level of mHealth apps for DSM is relatively low, thereby highlighting the need for improvement. The factors identified in this study may be considered when attempting to encourage patients to use these apps. More research is needed to elucidate how mobile health apps can be effectively integrated into diabetes care and management pathways.