Abstract
Managing common property in gated communities is challenging. Although numerous studies have demonstrated that there are several determinants of collective action effectiveness and performances in gated communities, empirical research drawing on a multidimensional social-ecological system (SES) framework in quantitatively exploring relationships between institutional–physical–social factors and gated community collective action remains lacking. Therefore, based on Ostrom’s social-ecological system (SES) framework, this study attempts to identify factors influencing the self-organizing system (collective action) of gated communities in China. Using stratified purposive sampling, ten gated communities with various characteristics in the Taigu district were selected, in which questionnaires were then distributed to 414 households to collect valid data within the communities. Taking the ridge regression as a more robust predictive SES model with a penalty value of k = 0.1 and regularization, R Square of 0.882, this study, among 14 factors, ultimately identified six key institutional–social–ecological factors based on the descending standardized effect size, and they are: (i) types of community; (ii) presence of leaders; (iii) exclusiveness systems of a gated community; (iv) age of gated community; (v) strict enforcement of rules; and (vi) number of households that affect residents’ collective action in terms of community security, hygiene and cleanliness, and facility quality. The research findings provide urban managers and communities novel insights to formulate strategic policies towards sustainable housing and building management.
Highlights
Housing is one of the most pressing topics globally; a plethora of research has been undertaken to address multifaceted housing issues including homeownership affordability [1]and housing sustainability
According to the data collection method, a total of 414 valid pieces of data were collected from ten gated communities in Taigu
Based on the collected data, the collinearity among independent variables was tested by the Pearson bivariate correlation matrix and variance inflation factor
Summary
The above negative externalities or market failures in terms of the underprovision of public goods contribute to the rapid emergence of enclave urbanism; it is one of the manifestations of the global process, resulting in mosaics of closed, homogeneous spheres that have replaced open, heterogeneous public spaces [12,13] According to He and Wang [14], the term enclave can be denoted as “an internally homogeneous territorial unit dominated by distinct social, cultural, and economic features, demarcated by a clear boundary, either visible or invisible, to differentiate insiders from outsiders”. Moving beyond privatization and centralization for resource governance, Foster [11] believed that the gated community, akin to a common property regime, is a “social governance revolution” As this self-organizing system provides more exclusive goods, it is one of the effective alternatives to addressing the Hardinian commons tragedy because, with the enclosure mechanism, outsiders or non-residents are not allowed to access and use the services and facilities provided in the community, unless permission is granted; this may safeguard and sustain the health of the resources. On top of the overexploitation issue, management problems within gated communities pose a greater concern to the residents [23]
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