Abstract
The build-up of heavy metals in soils and waters continues to create serious global health concerns, as these metals cannot be degraded into nontoxic forms, but persist in the ecosystem. It is essential to remove or reduce heavy metal contamination in order to prevent or reduce contaminating the environment. Bioremediation utilizes inherent biological mechanisms to eliminate hazardous contaminants using microorganisms and plants. Algae have been applied to heavy metal removal because of their high sorption capacity. This review addresses the different factors influencing heavy metal removal by algae and its corresponding application in bioremediation. Based on the earlier reports, microalgae have the potential to become an effective and economical bio sorbent for the bioremediation of heavy metal. Further, the development of technology for simultaneous detection and removal of toxic metals using microalgae will assist in bioremediation of toxic metal from contaminated sites and from industrial effluents.
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