Factors Influencing Childhood Vaccine Refusal in Parents in Southern Malaysia and Its Effect on Health: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Recent increases in the number of communicable disease cases in Malaysia have caused significant concern, particularly as vaccine hesitancy remains a significant challenge. This study aimed to explore parents' knowledge, perceptions, and factors associated with childhood vaccine refusal in order to have better understanding about vaccine hesitancy. Method: This study utilized an online cross- sectional questionnaire distributed via snowball sampling to parents in Melaka and Johor. 369 respondents completed the survey. Result: The results showed significant differences between religion against parents' perceptions and knowledge (p<0.001 and p=0.015) and between parents' knowledge and perception and vaccine refusal factors (p<0.001, both). Other than that, there are significant association between education level and parent's perception regarding vaccine. The positive perception surrounding vaccine is the major cause of vaccine refusal which contradictwith previous study. Conclusion: The study's conclusion was that parental perception in the South region of Malaysia is affected by religious restrictions and education level, while parents' perception about vaccines is more likely to cause vaccine refusal in children. Therefore, it is essential to educate parents about the efficacy of vaccines in protecting their children and to address concerns related to religious beliefs. Overall, this study sheds light on the important role that education and awareness play in overcoming vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia. By understanding parents' knowledge and perceptions, public health officials can develop targeted interventions to increase vaccine uptake and improve the overall health of the population.