Factors in the Incidence of Stunting in Children Under Five: Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: Stunting is a chronic condition of stunted growth caused by long-term malnutrition. This condition can be measured by the length or height of more than minus two standard child growth standards from the World Health Organization (WHO). Objective: This literature review study aims to determine factors related to the incidence of stunting in children under five. Method: This article uses a literature review research method using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items and Meta-analysis) method. Literature searches were carried out on Pubmed, Science Direct, Google Scholar which were published in 2013-2023. The number of articles reviewed in this literature review was 11 articles. Results: Of the 126 articles, 11 articles came from various regions in Indonesia. There was 1 article that conducted descriptive survey research, 8 cross-sectional research articles, 1 analytical observational article and 1 retrospective research article, which discussed factors related to the occurrence of stunting in children under five and met the inclusion criteria. Factors in the incidence of stunting from the articles obtained include maternal education, economic or family income, low birth weight (LBW), MPASI and nutritional status. Conclusion: Factors related to the incidence of stunting in children under five are maternal education, child, environment, early breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, early complementary feeding before 6 months of age, food quality, child growth and development, a history of low birth weight (LBW) or prematurity, socioeconomic status.