Abstract
Endothelial disorders are related to various diseases. An initial endothelial injury is characterized by endothelial glycocalyx injury. We aimed to evaluate endothelial glycocalyx injury by measuring serum syndecan-1 concentrations in patients during comprehensive medical examinations. A single-center, prospective, observational study was conducted at Asahi University Hospital. The participants enrolled in this study were 1313 patients who underwent comprehensive medical examinations at Asahi University Hospital from January 2018 to June 2018. One patient undergoing hemodialysis was excluded from the study. At enrollment, blood samples were obtained, and study personnel collected demographic and clinical data. No treatments or exposures were conducted except for standard medical examinations and blood sample collection. Laboratory data were obtained by the collection of blood samples at the time of study enrolment. According to nonlinear regression, the concentrations of serum syndecan-1 were significantly related to age (p = 0.016), aspartic aminotransferase concentration (AST, p = 0.020), blood urea nitrogen concentration (BUN, p = 0.013), triglyceride concentration (p < 0.001), and hematocrit (p = 0.006). These relationships were independent associations. Endothelial glycocalyx injury, which is reflected by serum syndecan-1 concentrations, is related to age, hematocrit, AST concentration, BUN concentration, and triglyceride concentration.
Highlights
Endothelial disorders are closely related to many diseases, including diabetes mellitus [1], hypertension [2], hypercholesterolemia [3], tumorigenesis [4], ischemia/reperfusion injury [5], respiratory disorder [6], renal dysfunction [7], and autoimmune vasculitis [8]
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, and pentraxin 3 have been used as biomarkers of endothelial disorder, these markers can only estimate the presence of unstable plaque and do not reflect early vascular endothelial lesions
The endothelial glycocalyx covers the inner surface of the vascular endothelium and regulates leukocyte adhesion [20], leukocytes cannot adhere to endothelial cells covered with glycocalyx, and endothelial glycocalyx injury may occur prior to atherosclerotic changes
Summary
Endothelial disorders are closely related to many diseases, including diabetes mellitus [1], hypertension [2], hypercholesterolemia [3], tumorigenesis [4], ischemia/reperfusion injury [5], respiratory disorder [6], renal dysfunction [7], and autoimmune vasculitis [8]. Previous studies have suggested that treatments used for endothelial disorders could prevent cardiovascular disease [8,9]. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, and pentraxin 3 have been used as biomarkers of endothelial disorder, these markers can only estimate the presence of unstable plaque and do not reflect early vascular endothelial lesions. No biomarkers have been developed to detect early vascular endothelial lesions
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