Factors contributing to the selection of dietary protein food sources

Abstract

Protein is the only dietary macronutrient required for life. As such, it is reasonable to consider dietary protein as the centerpiece of a healthy eating pattern. To do so requires consideration of what type of protein should be eaten. Account should be taken of the quality of the protein, the density of the protein in the protein food source, and the non-protein components of protein food source. The quality of protein can be quantified based on the amount and profile of essential amino acids (EAAs), as well as the true ileal digestibility of the EAAs in the protein. The density of protein in a food source can be quantified on the basis of the amount of total calories ingested to achieve intake of the daily requirement of all EAAs. Non-protein components of protein food sources can be considered in terms of the amount and nature of fat, carbohydrate and fiber, as well as the content of micronutrients. Potential beneficial effects of high-quality protein food sources should be balanced against any possible adverse effects. When all of these factors are considered we conclude that animal-based protein foods (e.g., eggs, dairy, meat, fish, poultry) occupy an important place in a healthy eating pattern.