Factors Contributing to Choosing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Or Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

Introduction: Coronary artery disease is a heart disease that is the main cause of mortality in both developed and developing nations. Management of coronary artery disease by coronary artery bypass graft surgery has significant complications for patients. In this regard, we aimed to determine factors contributing to choosing percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the patients who were diagnosed with coronary arteries disease who were admitted to rom Azadi Heart Canter and Vin Private Hospital Department of Cardiology in Duhok city from November 2021 to January 2022 were included. The coronary artery disease patients were of both genders aged 18 - 75 years with various socio-demographic characteristics who received percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft were the target population of this study. Results: The study found that the mean age of the patients was 58.2 between 34 and 75 years old. The majority of the study sample were male (66%). The study showed that smoking, BMI, and diabetes mellitus were the only predictors of receiving coronary artery bypass graft or percutaneous coronary intervention the coronary artery disease patients. Heavy smokers were 3.9 times more likely to receive percutaneous coronary intervention compared to non-smoker patients (95% CI 1.5-10.5, P=0.00061). In addition, the obese patients were 3.1 times more likely to receive coronary artery bypass graft compared to normal-weight patients (95% CI: 1.1-8.5: P=0.0259) and overweight compared to normal-weight patients (OR: 3.6 95%CI: 1.3-10.; P=0.0173). The diabetic patients were 0.6 times (60%) less likely to receive coronary artery bypass graft compared to non-diabetic patients. Conclusions: The study showed that the patients who had diabetes mellitus and smokers were more likely to undergo the percutaneous coronary intervention. Being overweight and obese was shown to undergo the coronary artery bypass graft surgery rather than percutaneous coronary intervention