Abstract
To identify the frequency and factors associated with the use of waterpipe and other tobacco products among Brazilian students. This is a cross-sectional study based on data from the National Adolescent Student Health Survey. The sample consisted of 9th-grade students from elementary school. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the use of tobacco products in 2012 and 2015. To explore the relationship between the use of other tobacco products and factors such as sociodemographic characteristics, family, mental health, and life habits, we calculated the adjusted odds ratio. The use of other tobacco products increased from 4.8% (95%CI 4.6 - 5.0) in 2012 to 6.1% (95%CI 5.7 - 6.4) in 2015, with a higher proportion among boys. Waterpipe was the most commonly used product in 2015 (71.6%; 95%CI 68.8 - 74.2), especially among girls. Factors positively associated with the use of other tobacco products were: attending private school, living with father/mother, working, not having friends, suffering domestic violence, skipping classes, consuming cigarettes and alcohol, experimenting drug, having had sex, having smoker parents or guardians, and seeing people smoking. The protective factors were: female gender, increasing age, multiracial or indigenous people, having meals with a guardian, family supervision, and practicing physical activity. The use of other tobacco products was high and has been increasing in recent years, particularly waterpipe. It is important to raise awareness of the risks and monitor the use of these products, as well as improve public policies of tobacco control in the country.
Highlights
Data from the Global Burden of Disease study indicate that tobacco use, including passive exposure, held the sixth place among major risk factors for the burden of diseases in the world[1]
The use of smoked tobacco remained stable – 5.0% (95%CI 4.9 – 5.3) in 2012 to 5.6% (95%CI 5.3 – 5.9) in 2015 – while the consumption of other tobacco products increased from 4.8% (95%CI 4.6 – 5.0) in 2012 to 6.1% (95%CI 5.7 – 6.4) in 2015
After separating the other tobacco products consumed in the 30 days prior to data collection, most students stated they used waterpipe (71.6%), with the percentage among girls being higher than among boys
Summary
Data from the Global Burden of Disease study indicate that tobacco use, including passive exposure, held the sixth place among major risk factors for the burden of diseases in the world[1]. In Brazil, data from the same study (2015) revealed that tobacco took the fourth and fifth places for men and women, respectively[2]. Evidence shows that tobacco consumption is quite widespread and present in most countries[4]. This practice starts in adolescence and youth[5], with most adult smokers having started using tobacco before the age of 20 years[4]. Around 100 million people use waterpipe in the world[10]
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