Factors associated with the prevalence of anterior open bite among preschool children: A population-based study in Brazil

Daniella Borges Machado,Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano,Viviane Elisângela Gomes,Ana Cristina Borges De Oliveira,Valéria Silva Cândido Brizon,Davidson Fróis Madureira

doi:10.1590/2176-9451.19.5.103-109.oar

Daniella Borges Machado, Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.19.5.103-109.oar

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the prevalence of anterior open bite among five-year-old Brazilian children. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken using data from the National Survey of Oral Health (SB Brazil 2010). The outcome variable was anterior open bite classified as present or absent. The independent variables were classified by individual, sociodemographic and clinical factors. Data were analyzed through bivariate and multivariate analysis using SPSS statistical software (version 18.0) with a 95% level of significance. RESULTS: The prevalence of anterior open bite was 12.1%. Multivariate analysis showed that preschool children living in Southern Brazil had an increased chance of 1.8 more times of having anterior open bite (CI 95%: 1.16 - 3.02). Children identified with alterations in overjet had 14.6 times greater chances of having anterior open bite (CI 95%: 8.98 - 24.03). CONCLUSION: There was a significant association between anterior open bite and the region of Brazil where the children lived, the presence of altered overjet and the prevalence of posterior crossbite.

Highlights

The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the prevalence of anterior open bite among five-year-old Brazilian children
The variables statistically associated with the prevalence of Anterior open bite (AOB) among five-year-old children were: Region of Brazil in which the child lived, canine relationship, overjet and posterior crossbite (P < 0.001)
Regardless of the other variables analyzed, five-yearold children from Southern Brazil were two times more likely to be identified with AOB than children in the Southeastern region of the country (OR = 1.87 [CI 95%: 1.16 - 3.02])

Summary

Introduction

The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the prevalence of anterior open bite among five-year-old Brazilian children. Multivariate analysis showed that preschool children living in Southern Brazil had an increased chance of 1.8 more times of having anterior open bite (CI 95%: 1.16 - 3.02). Children identified with alterations in overjet had 14.6 times greater chances of having anterior open bite (CI 95%: 8.98 - 24.03). Conclusion: There was a significant association between anterior open bite and the region of Brazil where the children lived, the presence of altered overjet and the prevalence of posterior crossbite. Anterior open bite (AOB) and posterior crossbite have been identified as the most common occlusal abnormalities in primary dentition.[4,5] AOB is characterized by lack of occlusal contact in the anterior region, while the remaining teeth are in occlusion.[6,7] AOB is more prevalent in primary dentition, with a prevalence between 6.2% and 50.0% worldwide, varying according to the population group studied.[3,4,5,8,9,10,11] This is most likely to be associated with an increase in overbite during the mixed dentition period, and the self-correcting nature of the majority of cases of anterior open bite in primary dentition.[5,12]

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