Abstract

Estimating the incidence rate of pressure ulcers and verifying factors associated with this occurrence in a cohort of hospitalized patients. This is a cohort study in which the considered outcome was the time until pressure ulcer occurrence. Estimated effect of the variables on the cumulative incidence ratio of the outcome was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Variable selection occurred via the Logrank hypothesis test. The sample consisted of 442 adults, with 25 incidents of pressure ulcers. Patients with high scores on the Braden scale presented a higher risk of pressure ulcer incidence when compared to those classified into the low score category. These results reinforce the importance of using the Braden Scale to assist in identifying patients more likely to develop pressure ulcers. Estimar a taxa de incidência de úlcera por pressão e verificar fatores associados a essa ocorrência em uma coorte de pacientes hospitalizados. Trata-se de estudo de coorte no qual o desfecho foi a ocorrência da úlcera por pressão. A estimativa do efeito das variáveis para a proporção de incidência acumulada do desfecho foi realizada utilizando o modelo de riscos proporcionais de Cox. A seleção das variáveis ocorreu por meio do teste de hipóteses Logrank. A amostra foi composta de 442 adultos, com 25 casos incidentes de úlcera por pressão. Pacientes com altos escores na escala de Braden apresentaram maior risco de incidência de úlcera por pressão quando comparados com aqueles classificados na categoria de baixo escore. Os resultados reforçam a importância do uso da Escala de Braden para auxiliar na identificação dos pacientes com maior probabilidade de desenvolver úlcera por pressão.

Highlights

  • Pressure ulcers (PU) represent an important challenge in relation to the care provided to hospitalized patients, since they significantly impact morbidity/mortality and quality of life[1,2]

  • We found that the median Body Mass Index (BMI) was 23.44 kg/m2 (IQR = 20.76-27.34), with a predominance of individuals in the age group between 18 and 60 years (275 or 62.22%), female (243 or 54.98%), with brown and black skin color (223 or 51.15%), non-smokers (225 or 51.96%), without risk according to original Braden Scale scores (265 or 59.95%), and eutrophic (179 or 49.04%)

  • Another finding of this study shows that sociodemographic and clinical factors in hospitalized patients were not shown to be associated with PU incidence in the adjusted multivariate model

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Summary

Introduction

Pressure ulcers (PU) represent an important challenge in relation to the care provided to hospitalized patients, since they significantly impact morbidity/mortality and quality of life[1,2]. A multicenter study conducted in hospitalization units in Brazil showed PU frequency in 17% of patients, most of which were affected by more than one lesion, and especially in the sacral, trochanteric, calcaneal, back and elbow regions[5]. This proportion can range from 29 to 53% in intensive care units[6,8]

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