Factors associated with smoking among tuberculosis patients in Spain.

Smoking And Tuberculosis Research Working Group ,María Ángeles Jiménez-Fuentes,Joan A Caylá,María Neus Altet,Juan Antonio Riesco-Miranda,Segismundo Solano Reina,Teresa Rodrigo,Isabel Mir,Carlos A Jiménez-Ruiz,Martí Casals,Antón Penas

doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1819-1

Smoking And Tuberculosis Research Working Group , María Ángeles Jiménez-Fuentes + Show 9 more

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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1819-1

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Journal: BMC infectious diseases	Publication Date: Sep 14, 2016
Citations: 10	License type: cc-by

Abstract

BackgroundTo determine the prevalence of smoking and analyze associated factors in a cohort of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) in Spain between 2006 and 2013.MethodsMulticenter, cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study using a national database of TB patients, using logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI).ResultsWe analyzed 5,846 cases (62 % men, mean age 39 years, 33 % foreigners). 23.4 % were alcohol abuser, 1.3 % were injected drug users (IDU), 4.6 % were co-infected with HIV, and 7.5 % had a history of TB treatment. 6.6 % and 0.8 % showed resistance to one and multiple drugs, respectively. The predominant clinical presentation was pulmonary (71 %) with a cavitary radiological pattern in 32.8 % of cases. 82 % of cases were confirmed microbiologically, and 54 % were smear-positive microscopy.2,300 (39.3 %) patients were smokers. The following factors were associated with smoking: male sex (OR = 2.26;CI:1.97;2.60), Spanish origin (OR = 2.79;CI:2.40–3.24), alcoholism (OR = 2.85;CI:2.46;3.31), IDU (OR = 2.78;CI:1.48;5.52), homelessness (OR = 1.99;CI:1.14–3.57), pulmonary TB (OR = 1.61;CI:1.16;2.24), cavitary radiological pattern (OR = 1.99;CI:1.43;2.79) and a smear-positive microscopy at the time of diagnosis (OR = 1.39;CI:1.14;1.17).ConclusionsThe prevalence of smoking among TB patients is high. Smokers with TB have a distinct sociodemographic, clinical, radiological and microbiological profile to non-smokers.

Highlights

To determine the prevalence of smoking and analyze associated factors in a cohort of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) in Spain between 2006 and 2013
We analyzed 5,846 cases (62 % men, mean age 39 years, 33 % foreigners). 23.4 % were alcohol abuser, 1.3 % were injected drug users (IDU), 4.6 % were co-infected with HIV, and 7.5 % had a history of TB treatment. 6.6 % and 0. 8 % showed resistance to one and multiple drugs, respectively
The following factors were associated with smoking: male sex (OR = 2.26;confidence intervals (CI):1.97;2. 60), Spanish origin (OR = 2.79;CI:2.40–3.24), alcoholism (OR = 2.85;CI:2.46;3.31), IDU (OR = 2.78;CI:1.48;5.52), homelessness (OR = 1.99;CI:1.14–3.57), pulmonary TB (OR = 1.61;CI:1.16;2.24), cavitary radiological pattern (OR = 1.99;CI:1.43;2.79) and a smear-positive microscopy at the time of diagnosis (OR = 1.39;CI:1.14;1.17)

Summary

Introduction

To determine the prevalence of smoking and analyze associated factors in a cohort of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) in Spain between 2006 and 2013. Smoking and tuberculosis (TB) are two of the biggest public health problems worldwide [1]. Smoking is one of the leading preventable causes of premature death, producing 6 million deaths a year. About 33 % of the world population smokes, mainly in countries with a high prevalence of TB. A recent study based on mathematical modelling estimated that, between 2010 and 2050, smoking could raise the number of TB cases worldwide by 18 million, and substantially increase secondary mortality if current trends in tobacco consumption are maintained [15]. The World Health Organization and the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease issued regulations in 2007 to control these two clearly related epidemics [1]

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