Abstract
Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption are among the most important public health concerns not only in South Korea but also globally. This study identified the factors associated with single-use and co-use of tobacco and alcohol in Korean adults and provided more accurate estimates using a multinomial modeling approach. This study used the Korea Community Health Survey Data 2017, of which 205,336 respondents were selected as the sample for a multinomial logistic regression analysis. For the group that identified as only drinking monthly compared to the reference group, we found that the direction of the following factors was opposite to that of the results of the only currently smoking group: Age, marital status, educational level, monthly household income, occupation, obesity, self-rated health, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. For the currently smoking and drinking monthly group relative to the reference group, the overall direction was a mix of the results of only currently smoking and only drinking monthly. These findings support the development of policies that consider the risk of smoking tobacco and consuming alcohol simultaneously.
Highlights
Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption are among the most important public health concerns in South Korea and globally; they are among the top five major risk factors of death worldwide [1,2]
Not currently smoking and not drinking monthly group served as the reference group for the dependent variable
Results showed that most independent variables were significantly associated with all the dependent groups compared with the reference group
Summary
Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption are among the most important public health concerns in South Korea and globally; they are among the top five major risk factors of death worldwide [1,2]. The harm of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, especially as a risk factor of several diseases, has been demonstrated in many studies [2,3,4,5]. Several studies have suggested that tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption are often seen together and share a number of risk factors [6,7]. Tobacco smoking is a powerful predictor of alcohol consumption in adults [8,9]. Regarding the additive detrimental effects of alcohol-tobacco co-use, the literature offers mixed results. Numerous studies have supported its synergetic effects [10], whereas one study pointed out the insufficient evidence of synergetic effects [11]
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