Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to establish, by means of linear regressions analysis, whether RANTES and CCL2 have a relationship with age, sex, heart rate, ejection fraction, white blood cells count, monocyte count, platelet count, mean platelet volume, hsCRP concentration, creatinine and eGFR value, applied treatments, and coronary risk factors in polish cardiovascular disease patients. Methods Plasma chemokines concentrations were measured by ELISA method (R&D Systems Europe Ltd., Abingdon, England) in 115 cardiovascular disease patients (83 myocardial infarction/AMI and 32 stable angina/SA) and in the control group (N=25). Results Univariate linear regression analysis found that (1) for men mean RANTES plasma level is 1.56 times higher as compared to women; (2) if patient's age increases by 1 year, the mean RANTES concentration value increases by 1.4%; (3) if CCL2 concentration increases by 10 pg/mL, the mean RANTES concentration value increases by 3.3%; (4) if hsCRP concentration increases by 1 mg/L, the mean RANTES concentration value increases by 1.0%. By means of multiple linear regression analysis we found that (1) for men the mean plasma RANTES concentration value increases 1.89 times as compared to women; (2) if CCL2 concentration increases by 10 pg/mL, the mean RANTES concentration value increases by 3.4%; (3) if MPV increases by 1 fL, the mean RANTES concentration value increases by 12%, if other model parameters are fixed. For CCL2 we did not obtain statistically significant linear regression models. Conclusion Due to high variability of obtained CCL2 concentrations, it seems that RANTES better reflects the presence of the atherosclerotic lesion than CCL2. RANTES as a marker of atherosclerotic process may be an important therapeutic target, and the assessment of RANTES concentration should be interpreted depending on patient's sex, age, platelet hyperactivity state, hsCRP, and CCL2 concentration.
Highlights
In the last decades experimental studies reported that chemokines can have a role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1,2,3,4]
Analysis of RANTES concentrations depending on the severity of signs and symptoms of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) found that ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients had 2.2-fold and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) 3.1-fold higher levels of protein tested, as compared to control group (P= . and P< . , respectively) (Table 3)
We found that if mean platelet volume (MPV) increases by 1 fL, the mean RANTES concentration value increases by 12%, if other model parameters are fixed (Table 5)
Summary
In the last decades experimental studies reported that chemokines can have a role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1,2,3,4]. CC chemokine engaged in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease is RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and presumably Secreted), which is expressed by different cell types, e.g., T cells, fibroblasts, and some kinds of tissue monocytes [6,7,8]. It is responsible for the two main stages of atherogenesis: leukocytes chemotaxis onto the endothelial wall and induction of transendothelial migration of leukocytes. This chemokine is considered a key player of the process, in which activated platelets support and maintain atherogenic recruitment of monocytes, which may accelerate the atherosclerotic plaque formation
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