Abstract
ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify factors associated with attempting to quit and successful smoking cessation in a population-based sample of Brazilian smokers. Study designThis is a prospective cohort study. MethodsData came from the first two waves of the International Tobacco Control Brazil Survey, conducted in 2009 and 2012/2013 in three cities: Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Porto Alegre. Data were collected from 488 adults (aged ≥18 years) who smoked at Wave 1 and who were resurveyed at Wave 2. Crude and adjusted relative risks for two outcomes (making a quit attempt between Wave 1 and Wave 2 and successfully quitting by Wave 2) were estimated. Multivariable multilevel logistic regression models were used, whereby variables were added to the models in a series of blocks. ResultsNearly two-thirds (65.6%) of smokers attempted to quit between waves, and 23.4% had quit at Wave 2. Intention to quit smoking at Wave 1 was the only variable associated with attempt to quit by Wave 2 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.64–4.94; P < 0.001). Smokers of higher socio-economic status (OR high versus low = 1.80; 95% CI 1.05–3.10; P = 0.03) and lower nicotine dependence (OR low Heaviness of Smoking Index [HSI] versus high HSI = 1.94; 95% CI 1.10–3.43; P = 0.02) were more likely to successfully quit. The presence of another adult smoker at home was negatively related to successful quitting (OR = 0.50; 95% CI 0.26–0.94; P = 0.03). ConclusionsThese results are generally consistent with prior research and have potential to inform governmental interventions to promote tobacco cessation, particularly among disadvantaged groups.
Highlights
Article 16 of World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) focuses upon limiting the supply and exposure of tobacco products to Minors.Implementation of Article 16 has been researched by few local and regional studies, primarily focusing on Cigarettes
Conclusions: The findings of this study provide baseline information to initiate debate with country policy makers to formulate plain packaging of tobacco products legislation in
Background: This paper evaluates the coverage and quality of global implementation of Article 11 of the WHO Framework
Summary
Article 16 of WHO FCTC focuses upon limiting the supply and exposure of tobacco products to Minors.Implementation of Article 16 has been researched by few local and regional studies, primarily focusing on Cigarettes. Because the largest burden of smoking-related diseases is likely to fall among the sub-populations least able to pay for healthcare services, this poses a serious threat to the fight against poverty in LMICs. This study contributes to developing an understanding of the socioeconomic disparities in smoking prevalence and intensity in Namibia, a middle income country in Africa, and the potential association with per capita health-related expenditures. In the wake of international efforts and growing consciousness about harmful effects of tobacco use, the Government of India enacted “The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution) Act, 2003” (COTPA), in May 2003 with a view to protect public health by prohibiting smoking in public places, banning advertisements of the tobacco products, banning sale of tobacco products to minors and near educational institutions, prescribing strong health warnings including pictorial depiction on tobacco products, and regulation of tar and nicotine contents of tobacco products. The global rise in tobacco smoking using a waterpipe (Hookah, Narghile, Shisha) among young people, has made understanding its trend, harm perception and pattern of use among young people imperative
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