Factors Associated With Pressure Ulcers in Individuals With Spina Bifida

Abstract

ObjectiveTo describe factors associated with pressure ulcers in individuals with spina bifida (SB) enrolled in the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry (NSBPR). DesignUnbalanced longitudinal multicenter cohort study. SettingNineteen SB clinics. ParticipantsIndividuals with SB (N=3153) enrolled in 19 clinic sites that participate in the NSBPR. InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresPressure ulcer status (yes/no) at the annual visit between 2009 and 2012. ResultsOf 3153 total participants, 19% (n=603) reported ulcers at their most recent annual clinic visit. Seven factors—level of lesion, wheelchair use, urinary incontinence, shunt presence, above the knee orthopedic surgery, recent surgery, and male sex—were significantly associated with the presence of pressure ulcers. Of these factors, level of lesion, urinary incontinence, recent surgery, and male sex were included in the final logistic regression model. The 3 adjusting variables—SB type, SB clinic, and age group—were significant in all analyses (all P<.001). ConclusionsBy adjusting for SB type, SB clinic, and age group, we found that 7 factors—level of lesion, wheelchair use, urinary incontinence, shunt presence, above the knee orthopedic surgery, recent surgery, and male sex—were associated with pressure ulcers. Identifying key factors associated with the onset of pressure ulcers can be incorporated into clinical practice in ways that prevent and enhance treatment of pressure ulcers in the population with SB.