Factors associated with owned-dogs' vaccination against rabies: A household survey in Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

Madi Savadogo,Boris Ouattara,Laibané D Dahourou,Sidwatta G Ilboudo,Zékiba Tarnagda,Alima H B Combari,Walter Ossebi,Rianatou B Alambedji,Dieudonné Tialla

doi:10.1002/vms3.468

Abstract

Canine vaccination is an effective means for rabies control, a minimum of 70% dog rabies vaccination coverage is required in endemic areas. According to previous investigations, this recommended coverage is always not achieved in Burkina Faso. This study was carried out to investigate reasons for poor vaccination coverage in canine population. Using a structured questionnaires, a cross‐sectional survey was conducted in the city of Bobo Dioulasso to capture data on drivers that affect dog owners’ individual decision to vaccinate or not their dogs. Through a house‐to‐house approach, 239 questionnaires were administrated to dog owners during face to face interviews. The results indicated dog rabies vaccination coverage of 25.9%. Dog breed, origin and confinement status had a significant association with vaccination status (p < 0.05). Owners of exotic and cross‐bred dogs were more likely to adopt vaccination compared to owners of local‐bred dogs. Dogs of bought origin were significantly more likely to be vaccinated among all dogs. Household characteristics including age of owners, level of education, employment status, means of transportation, perception of vaccination cost and level of knowledge about rabies were significantly associated with the vaccination status (p < 0.05). The oldest dog owners, the owners having high level of education, having a car as means of transportation, having good knowledge of rabies and dog rabies vaccination, being employed and perceiving vaccination cost as affordable were more likely to vaccinate their dogs. Combining community awareness and free dog rabies vaccination approaches could improve the vaccination coverage.

Highlights

Human rabies transmitted by dogs is a serious public health threat as it is responsible for more than 59,000 globally and annually (Hampson et al, 2015)
Burkina Faso, a low-income country located in West Africa, is known to be rabies endemic during recent decades (Dodet et al, 2009; Kabore, 2014; Kouldiati, 1989; Nitcheman, 1983; Savadogo, 2015; Savadogo et Boushan, 2015; Savadogo et al, 2020; Sondo et al, 2015; Sondo et al, 2018)
The study showed that the number of owned-dogs per household in the study area was lower than that obtained in Ouagadougou, the administrative capital of the country and in Philippines

Summary

Introduction

Human rabies transmitted by dogs is a serious public health threat as it is responsible for more than 59,000 globally and annually (Hampson et al, 2015). Rabies kills approximatively 7,000 people in Central Africa, 2,000 in North Africa, 6,000 in Southern Africa, 6,000 in West Africa (Hampson et al, 2015). This major zoonosis that affect domestic animals, wildlife and human, is 100% preventable disease if postexposure prophylaxis is adequately provided to exposed victims and if dogs are vaccinated appropriately (Zinsstag et al, 2017). 90% of reported bite cases in Burkina Faso are caused by dogs (Savadogo et al, 2020; Sondo et al, 2018)

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Conclusion