Factors Associated with Malnutrition among Under-Five Children: Illustration using Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2014 Data

Ashis Talukder

doi:10.3390/children4100088

Abstract

Child malnutrition remains one of the major public health problems in many parts of the world, especially in a developing country like Bangladesh. Several socioeconomic and demographic factors are responsible for this condition. The present study was conducted to uncover the risk factors associated with malnutrition among under-five children in Bangladesh by analyzing the data from a nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) in 2014. The ordinal dependent variable—child nutrition status (severely malnourished, moderately malnourished, and nourished)—was developed by calculating weight-for-age Z score (WAZ). Bivariate analysis was conducted by performing gamma measure and chi-square test of independence to explore the association between child nutrition status and selected independent variables. To know the adjusted effects of covariates, a popular ordinal model—namely, the proportional odds (PO) model—was considered. All the selected covariates were found highly significant (p < 0.01) in the bivariate setup. However, in the multivariate setup, father’s and mother’s education, wealth index, mother’s body mass index (BMI), and antenatal care service during pregnancy were found highly significant (p < 0.01) factors for child malnutrition. Among the divisions, only Dhaka had more control on child malnutrition, compared to the Sylhet division. Birth interval of children was also reported as a significant factor at a 5% level of significance. Finally, the results of this paper strongly highlighted the necessity of increasing parent’s education level, improving the mother’s nutritional status, and increasing facilities providing antenatal care service in order to achieve better nutrition status among under-five children in Bangladesh.

Highlights

Malnutrition among under-five children remains one of the major public health problems in many parts of the world [1]
From the table it is clear that wealth index, mother’s body mass index (BMI), and birth interval have a significant monotonic association with the nutritional status of children
It can be concluded that nutritional status has a significant weak positive relationship with wealth index, mother’s BMI, and birth interval

Summary

Introduction

Malnutrition among under-five children remains one of the major public health problems in many parts of the world [1]. It is identified as the major cause of death, with an estimate of 45%. Of all deaths among children aged 0–59 months of age [2]. The prevalence of different forms of malnutrition such as stunting (height-for-age), wasting (weight-for-height), and underweight (weight-for-age) in under-five children were 24.7%, 7.8%, and 15.1%, respectively, in 2014 [3]. One study based on the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2007 reported that the 43% of children in Bangladesh were stunted and 41%

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion