Factors associated with inflamm-aging in institutionalized older people

Leônidas De Oliveira Neto,Igor Conterato Gomes,Nicole Leite Galvão-Coelho,Márcia Cristina Sales,Lúcia Fátima Campos Pedrosa,Larissa Praça De Oliveira,Vagner Deuel De O Tavares,Kenio Costa Lima,Pedro Moraes Dutra Agrícola,Karine Cavalcanti Maurício De Sena-Evangelista

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-97225-3

Abstract

The increase in inflammatory cytokines associated with a reduction in the bioavailability of zinc has been used as a marker for inflammation. Despite the high inflammatory state found in institutionalized older individuals, few studies have proposed verifying the factors associated with this condition in this population. To verify the factors associated with inflamm-aging in institutionalized older people. A total of 178 older people (≥ 60 years old) living in nursing homes in Natal/RN were included in the study. Cluster analysis was used to identify three groups according to their inflammatory state. Analysis anthropometric, biochemical, sociodemographic, and health-related variables was carried out. In sequence, an ordinal logistic regression was performed for a confidence level of 95% in those variables with p < 0.20 in the bivariate analysis. IL-6, TNF-α, zinc, low-density lipids (LDL), high-density lipids (HDL), and triglycerides were associated with inflamm-aging. The increase of 1 unit of measurement of LDL, HDL, and triglycerides increased the chance of inflammation-aging by 1.5%, 4.1%, and 0.9%, respectively, while the oldest old (≥ 80 years old) had an 84.9% chance of presenting inflamm-aging in relation to non-long-lived older people (< 80 years). The association between biochemical markers and inflamm-aging demonstrates a relationship between endothelial injury and the inflammatory state. In addition, the presence of a greater amount of fat in the blood may present a higher relative risk of death.

Highlights

The increase in inflammatory cytokines associated with a reduction in the bioavailability of zinc has been used as a marker for inflammation
Alterations are triggered by exacerbated production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β)[4,5]
From the total of 304 older residents in the institutions, 24 older people or their guardians refused to participate in the study, and 71 participants were excluded because they met some of the exclusion criteria

Summary

Introduction

The increase in inflammatory cytokines associated with a reduction in the bioavailability of zinc has been used as a marker for inflammation. The aging process occurs parallel to the progressive deterioration in cells and functioning of the organs due to metabolic, immunological, neuroendocrine, or oxidative s tress[1,2] These alterations during aging are explained by the imbalance between oxidant/antioxidant[2] and inflammatory/anti-inflammatory mechanisms resulting from the pro-inflammatory state known as inflamm-aging[3]. It is known that zinc has important roles in several cellular functions, such as in the oxidative stress cellular system, where it protects the cells from damage by free radicals This element is important for regulation of many physiological systems and processes, for instance blood clotting, through increases in the aggregation of circulating platelets, in synthesis, secretion, and insulin signaling, and in aiding bone homeostasis and thyroid and immune function[8,9,10,11,12]. The equilibrium of Th1/Th2 shifts the immune response towards the antiinflammatory Th2 s ystem[9,13,14]

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