Abstract
To determine the prevalence of inadequate birth interval and its associated factors in the BRISA study. Cross-sectional study using data from the BRISA cohort. Birth interval was categorized into "adequate" (≥ 2 years or < 5 years between births), "short interval" (< 2 years) and "long interval" (≥ 5 years). The analysis of the factors associated with short and long birth intervals used multinomial logistic regression. The prevalence of adequate birth intervals was 48.3%, of long intervals, 34.6%, and of short intervals, 17.1%. Skin color, age, education level, economic status, type of delivery, number of prenatal visits, parity, blood pressure, diabetes, and anemia (p-value was < 0.2 in the univariate analysis) proceeded to the final model. The variable ≥ 3 births (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29; confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.65) was associated with short intervals. Age < 20 years old (OR = 0.48; CI: 0.02-0.12) or ≥ 35 years old (OR = 2.43; CI: 1.82-3.25), ≥ 6 prenatal visits (OR = 0.58; CI: 0.47-0.72), ≥ 3 births (OR = 0.59; CI: 0.49-0.73), and gestational diabetes (OR = 0.38; CI: 0.20-0.75) were associated with long intervals. Older mothers were more likely to have long birth intervals, and higher parity increases the chances of short birth intervals. Furthermore, gestational diabetes and adequate prenatal care presented higher chances of having adequate birth intervals, indicating that health assistance during pregnancy is important to encourage an adequate interval between gestations.
Highlights
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends waiting between 18 to 24 months, but < 5 years, after a live birth before attempting another pregnancy.[1,2] Birth intervals < 24 months are considered short and intervals > 5 years are considered long.[1,2,3,4,5] Both short and long intervals are considered inadequate
Older mothers were more likely to have long birth intervals, and higher parity increases the chances of short birth intervals
Gestational diabetes and adequate prenatal care presented higher chances of having adequate birth intervals, indicating that health assistance during pregnancy is important to encourage an adequate interval between gestations
Summary
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends waiting between 18 to 24 months, but < 5 years, after a live birth before attempting another pregnancy.[1,2] Birth intervals < 24 months are considered short and intervals > 5 years are considered long.[1,2,3,4,5] Both short and long intervals are considered inadequate This recommendation aims to reduce the risk of adverse maternal, perinatal, and infant health outcomes and is consistent with the WHO/UNICEF recommendation that breastfeeding should be maintained for at least 2 years.[2,6]. Adverse maternal health outcomes include anemia, gestational hypertension, and maternal death.[4,5,6,7]
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