Abstract
OBJECTIVESDetermining the predictors of in-hospital death related to nosocomial infections is an essential part of efforts made in the overall health system to improve the delivery of health care to patients. Therefore, this study investigated the predictors of in-hospital death related to nosocomial infections. METHODSThis registry-based, longitudinal study analyzed data on 8,895 hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in Hamadan Province, Iran from March 2017 to December 2019. The medical records of all patients who had been admitted to the hospitals were extracted from the Iranian Nosocomial Infections Surveillance Software. The effects of the type and site of infection, as well as age group, on in-hospital death were estimated using univariate and multivariable Cox regression models. RESULTSIn total, 4,232 (47.8%) patients with HAIs were males, and their mean age was 48.25±26.22 years. In both sexes, most nosocomial infections involved Gram-negative bacteria and the most common site of infection was the urinary tract. Older patients had a higher risk of in-hospital death (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38 to 3.69 for males; aHR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.29 to 4.62 for females). In both sexes, compared with urinary tract infections, an increased risk of in-hospital death was found for ventilator-associated events (VAEs) (by 95% for males and 93% for females) and bloodstream infections (BSIs) (by 67% for males and 82% for females). CONCLUSIONSWe found that VAEs, BSIs, and fungal infections were independently and strongly associated with increased mortality.
Highlights
IntroductionNosocomial infections (NIs) are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in hospitals, affecting hundreds of millions of patients around the world [1]
The effects of the type and site of infection, as well as age groups, on in-hospital death were estimated using univariate and multivariable Cox regression models and the results presented as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)
Most Nosocomial infections (NIs) resulted from Gram-negative bacteria, followed by the Gram-positive bacteria and viral and fungal infections
Summary
Nosocomial infections (NIs) are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in hospitals, affecting hundreds of millions of patients around the world [1]. The World Health Organization defines NIs as infections occurring in a patient in a hospital or other healthcare facility, in whom the infection was not present nor incubating at the time of admission, as well as infections that are acquired during the stay but appear after discharge [3]. Evidence shows that the implementation of effective programs regarding NI surveillance can reduce the infection by approximately one-third [8]
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