Abstract
BackgroundWe aimed to determine the prevalence of elevated alanine aminotransferase (eALT) in employees of a German chemical company, and analyze its association with sociodemographic, work- and lifestyle-related factors.MethodsThe cross-sectional study is based on data surveyed from occupational health check-ups between 2013 and 2018 at the site clinic of a chemical company based in Ludwigshafen, Germany. We used logistic regression analyses to assess the association between sociodemographic, work- and lifestyle-related characteristics and eALT. Quantile regression technique was applied to investigate if associations vary across different quantiles of the ALT distribution.ResultsParticipants (n = 15,348) were predominantly male (78.3%) with a mean age of 42.2 years (SD 10.7). The prevalence of eALT was 18.5% (21.6% in men/7.2% in women) with a geometric mean of 28.9 U/L (32.8 U/L in men/18.5 U/L in women). In the multivariable logistic regression model, odds of eALT were significantly higher for males (OR 2.61; 95%-CI 2.24–3.05), manual workers (OR 1.23; 95%-CI 1.06–1.43), overweight (OR 2.66; 95%-CI 2.36–3.00) or obese respondents (e.g. OR 7.88; 95%-CI 5.75–10.80 for obesity class III), employees who consume any number of alcoholic drinks/week (e.g. OR 1.32; 95%-CI 1.16–1.49 for ≥ 3 drinks per week) and diabetics (OR 1.47; 95%-CI 1.22–1.78). Additionally, season of participation was significantly associated with eALT, with odds being higher for participation in spring, fall or winter, as compared to summer. A significant interaction between age and gender (pInteraction < 0.001) was found, showing approximately a u-shaped age/ALT relationship in women and an inversely u-shaped relationship in men. Quantile regression showed an increasing positive effect of male gender, overweight/obesity, and for diabetics on ALT level when moving from the lowest (q0.1) to the highest (q0.9) considered quantile. Additionally, from the lowest to the highest quantile an increasing negative effect on ALT for older age was observed.ConclusionsPrevalence of eALT in our sample of employees can be considered as high, with almost one in five participants affected. Identification of risk groups allows the implementation of targeted preventive measures in order to avoid transition to severe morbidity.
Highlights
We aimed to determine the prevalence of elevated alanine aminotransferase in employees of a German chemical company, and analyze its association with sociodemographic, work- and lifestyle-related factors
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Claus et al BMC Gastroenterol (2021) 21:25 viral hepatitis, elevated alanine aminotransferase is considered an indicator for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is defined as hepatic steatosis with a fat content of more than 5% of the liver weight or macrosteatosis of hepatocytes of the same degree in the absence of secondary causes of hepatic fat accumulation
Summary
We aimed to determine the prevalence of elevated alanine aminotransferase (eALT) in employees of a German chemical company, and analyze its association with sociodemographic, work- and lifestyle-related factors. Claus et al BMC Gastroenterol (2021) 21:25 viral hepatitis, elevated alanine aminotransferase (eALT) is considered an indicator for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is defined as hepatic steatosis with a fat content of more than 5% of the liver weight or macrosteatosis of hepatocytes of the same degree in the absence of secondary causes of hepatic fat accumulation. NAFLD encompasses a variety of pathological conditions ranging from asymptomatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and the potentially fatal liver cirrhosis. Available guidelines recommend the use of eALT as an economical and non-invasive alternative for the diagnosis of NAFLD in large-scale epidemiological studies whenever imaging tools are not feasible [2]. Sociodemographic characteristics (e.g. age [7,8,9,10,11,12], gender [9, 11,12,13,14,15,16], ethnicity [9, 10, 14, 17]), occupational factors (e.g. shift work [18,19,20,21]), and genetic predisposition [22, 23] have been linked to eALT/NAFLD in recent studies, their exact role remains to be clarified
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