Factors associated with Ebola preventive measures adherence among refugees in Kampala: A cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Background: Since last September, when it was declared an outbreak, the Ebola virus disease (EVD) has increased fear and threatened the public health system in Uganda. Cases registered in Kampala worsen the situation and raise public concern. The primary concern of all populations, including refugees, is avoiding disease transmission. Public health recommendations emphasize the importance of observation, including movement restrictions, social distancing, and hand-washing, in limiting the virus's transmission and spread. However, a challenge for vulnerable populations due to their socioeconomic status is noted. The present study examined factors associated with the practice of EVD preventive measures among refugees in Kampala. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was conducted using a structured questionnaire, focusing on refugee practices against EVD. With SPSS version 21, variables were analyzed and compared for association with data collected from 207 refugees in Kampala. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was done, and a Chi-square test set at a 0.05 level of significance was performed. Results: The findings revealed a high level of general awareness about EVD, with a mean age of 28.38 years. However, understanding Luganda, regular seeking of information, having enough water and sanitizer, being willing to take the vaccine, having a close friend or relative who has ever been suspected of or diagnosed with EVD, and denial of its existence in Kampala all impacted the adherence to preventive practices among refugees in Kampala (p<.05). Conclusion: Practicing Ebola preventive measures effectively is not always easy for vulnerable groups of populations, such as refugees. Understanding the local language is a major factor in getting accurate information and practicing the right measures to avoid getting or spreading the disease. Recommendation: Involving refugees in response teams and focusing on refugee informal settlements is key to easing information transmission and increasing adhesion to preventive measures among refugees.