Abstract
Background and PurposeSpontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke with a poor prognosis overall. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and describe factors associated with early neurologic deterioration (END) after ICH.MethodsWe sought to identify any factor which could be prognostic in the absence of an intervention. The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, the Global Health Library, and PubMed were searched for primary studies from the years 1966 to 2012 with no restrictions on language or study design. Studies of patients who received a surgical intervention or specific experimental therapies were excluded. END was defined as death, or worsening on a reliable outcome scale within seven days after onset.Results7,172 abstracts were reviewed, 1,579 full-text papers were obtained and screened. 14 studies were identified; including 2088 patients. Indices of ICH severity such as ICH volume (univariate combined OR per ml:1.37, 95%CI: 1.12–1.68), presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (2.95, 95%CI: 1.57–5.55), glucose concentration (per mmol/l: 2.14, 95%CI: 1.03–4.47), fibrinogen concentration (per g/l: 1.83, 95%CI: 1.03–3.25), and d-dimer concentration at hospital admission (per mg/l: 4.19, 95%CI: 1.88–9.34) were significantly associated with END after random-effects analyses. Whereas commonly described risk factors for ICH progression such as blood pressure, history of hypertension, and ICH growth were not.ConclusionsThis study summarizes the evidence to date on early ICH prognosis and highlights that the amount and distribution of the initial bleed at hospital admission may be the most important factors to consider when predicting early clinical outcomes.
Highlights
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is widely considered to be the most devastating form of stroke
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and describe factors associated with early neurologic deterioration (END) after ICH; with a goal to summarize the current state of knowledge of early ICH prognosis and guide future clinical research
In the cases of the age, ICH volume, and IVH analyses, both studies were eligible for inclusion in the same analysis
Summary
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is widely considered to be the most devastating form of stroke. Several studies have investigated hypertensive treatments as well as other potential therapies for ICH; many of which were designed to identify and treat ICH progression [5,6]. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and describe factors associated with early neurologic deterioration (END) after ICH; with a goal to summarize the current state of knowledge of early ICH prognosis and guide future clinical research. Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke with a poor prognosis overall. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and describe factors associated with early neurologic deterioration (END) after ICH
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