Factors associated with diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection in children under-5\u2009years old in Ghana: an analysis of a national cross-sectional survey

Paschal Awingura Apanga,Maxwell Tii Kumbeni

doi:10.1186/s12887-021-02546-x

Paschal Awingura Apanga, Maxwell Tii Kumbeni

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02546-x

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Journal: BMC Pediatrics	Publication Date: Feb 13, 2021
Citations: 15	License type: open-access

Affiliation: University of Nevada Reno, Ghana Health Service

Abstract

BackgroundDiarrhoea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) are major causes of morbidity and mortality in children under-5 years old in Ghana. The aim of the study was to assess factors associated with diarrhoea and ARI in children under-5 years old.MethodsWe analysed nationally representative data from the 2017–2018 Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) on 8879 children under-5 years old. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with diarrhoea and ARI. We applied sample weights, stratification and clustering to account for the sampling design of the MICS.ResultsThe prevalence of diarrhoea was 17.0% (95% CI: 15.70, 18.24%). Children aged 6–11 months [Adjusted prevalence odds ratio (aPOR): 2.06, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.92], and 12–23 months (aPOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.67, 3.35), had higher prevalence of diarrhoea compared to children aged 0–5 months. Children whose mothers had a college or higher education (aPOR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.78), and a secondary education (aPOR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.86), had 59% and 34% lower odds of diarrhoea respectively, compared to children whose mothers had no formal education. Children from the richest households (aPOR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.86), had 42% lower odds of diarrhoea compared to children from the poorest households. Children resident in rural areas had 22% lower odds of diarrhoea compared to their peers in urban areas (aPOR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.98). The prevalence of ARI was 33.3% (95% CI: 31.72, 34.82%). Children aged 6–11 months (aPOR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.93), and 12–23 months (aPOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.82), had higher prevalence of ARI compared to children aged 0–5 months.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the prevalence of diarrhoea and ARI among children aged 6–11 and 12–23 months was higher compared to children aged 0–5 months. Children under-5 years old whose mothers had a secondary or higher education had a lower prevalence of diarrhoea compared to children whose mothers had no formal education.

Highlights

Diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are major causes of mortality among children under-5 years old [1, 2]
Children from the richest households had 42% lower odds of diarrhoea compared to children from the poorest households [Adjusted prevalence odds ratio: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.86]
Our multivariable regression analysis on ARI revealed that children aged 6–11 months, and 12–23 months, had higher prevalence of ARI compared to children aged 0–5 months

Summary

Introduction

Diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are major causes of mortality among children under-5 years old [1, 2]. Diarrhoea and ARI are part of the top 10 causes of hospital admissions and mortality in children under-5 years old in Ghana [6]. The high diarrhoea and ARI morbidities in children under-5 years of age are largely blamed for the slow pace in decline in under-5 mortality [10, 11]. Assessing factors associated with diarrhoea and ARI would be relevant to Ghana where these health events are strongly associated with under-5 mortality [5, 6]. Diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) are major causes of morbidity and mortality in children under-5 years old in Ghana. The aim of the study was to assess factors associated with diarrhoea and ARI in children under-5 years old

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