Abstract
BackgroundDengue Fever (DF) is underrecognized mosquito borne viral disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. In 2013, Ethiopia reported the first confirmed DF outbreak in Dire Dawa city which affected 11,409 people. During the outbreak investigation, we determined factors associated with DF and implemented control measures.MethodsWe conducted a 1:2 un-matched case control study from October 7–15/2015. Case was any person with fever of 2–7 days and more than two symptoms: headache, arthralgia, myalgia, rash, or bleeding from any part of the body. We recruited participants using purposive sampling from health facilities and used structured questionnaire to collect data. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to control confounders and to identify factors associated with DF. Sixty-nine serum-samples were tested by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).ResultsWe enrolled 210 participants (70 cases and 140 controls) in the study. Females accounted for 51.4% of cases and 57.1% of controls. The mean age was 23.7 ± 9.5 standard deviation (SD) for cases and 31.2 ± 13 SD for controls. Close contact with DF patient (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =5.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.75–10.44), nonuse of bed-nets (AOR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.06–7.08) and stagnant water around the village (AOR = 3.61, 95% CI: 1.31–9.93) were independent risk factors. From the samples tested, 42 were confirmed positive.ConclusionsIndividuals who live with DF patient, around stagnant water and do not use bed nets are at high risk of contracting the disease. Health education on DF prevention was given and mosquito breeding sites were drained. Strong vector prevention strategies are recommended by enhancing the existing malaria prevention and control program.
Highlights
Dengue Fever (DF) is underrecognized mosquito borne viral disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions
The study showed that the risk factors of DF in Diredawa administration city were the availability of stagnant water around the house, the non-use of Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) and having close contact with Dengue Fever patient
The current study has found a significant association between Dengue fever and close contact with DF patient
Summary
Dengue Fever (DF) is underrecognized mosquito borne viral disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. Classic dengue fever (DF), or “break bone fever,” is the most rapidly spreading arboviral disease with the highest prevalence in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world [1]. DF including the severe forms, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) can be caused by any of the serotypes. It is estimated that 50 to 270 million dengue infections occur every year, out of which two million cases are severe DHF and 21,000 result in death [6, 7]. Determinant factors of dengue global epidemiology trends include, but are not limited to: Demographic changes, increased urban population, modern transportation and changes in public health policies [6]
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