Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Georgia

Abstract

Objective: The prevention of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is most effectively achieved through vaccination. However, the issue of vaccine hesitancy and distrust is a challenge that is experienced globally. The objective of this research is to investigate the distrust of the COVID-19 vaccine and the barriers that prevent individuals from deciding to be vaccinated. Material and Methods: This study utilized a qualitative research design, specifically in-depth interviews, to obtain data from respondents that have not yet received any COVID-19 vaccine. Results: Three main categories relating to vaccination difficulties were identified: lack of confidence, complacency, and disadvantage. The lack of confidence pertains to concerns regarding the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine. Complacency involves the perception that the virus is not harmful and does not pose a significant threat. Lastly, disadvantage encompasses the problem of the availability of immunization services, time, distance, and similar factors. Conclusion: This research evaluated the effectiveness, safety, necessity, and availability of the COVID-19 vaccine under these categories. The findings of this study suggest that people’s decision to vaccinate is influenced by their distrust of the vaccine’s effectiveness and safety as well as their skepticism regarding the actual need for vaccination. These individuals are not entirely against vaccination and partially recognize its benefits. However, they are uncertain about the outcome of immunization and harbor doubts about the vaccine’s safety; particularly since it was developed in a relatively short period of time. Additionally, the possibility of side effects and adverse health effects were also a significant cause for concern.