Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine active listening, self-awareness, and empathy and how they relate to changes in patient-centered care (PCC) in undergraduate nursing students. PCC is associated with better patient outcomes, but the level of PCC has been found to be low in nursing students. This secondary analysis used baseline and follow-up data at two time points from 50 undergraduate nursing students. Changes in self-awareness were associated with changes in PCC directly (Follow-Up 1) or directly and indirectly through the effects on changes in empathy (Follow-Up 2), controlling for age, experience, and intervention. Changes in active listening were associated with changes in PCC only indirectly through the effect on changes in empathy only at Follow-Up 2. Changes in self-awareness and active listening need to be the first targets of interventions to improve PCC in undergraduate nursing students.
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