Abstract
Smoking self-efficacy, described as confidence in one’s ability to abstain from smoking in high-risk situations is a key predictor in cessation outcomes; however, there is a dearth of research on factors that influence self-efficacy surrounding smoking behavior. This study examines factors associated with baseline self-efficacy among treatment seeking participants enrolled in a pilot feasibility smoking cessation study. Participants (n = 247) were daily male smokers, residents of Doha in Qatar (18–60 years) who were enrolled in a telephone-based smoking cessation study. Baseline assessments included self-efficacy, home smoking rules, socio-demographic variables, smoking history, and psychosocial characteristics. Factors associated with self-efficacy were assessed using multiple linear regression analysis. Results showed that after controlling for relevant variables, number of cigarettes smoked ( = -0.22; 95% CI: -0.37, -0.06), having at least one quit attempt in the past year ( = 2.30; 95% CI: 0.27, 4.35), and reporting a complete home smoking ban ( = 3.13; 95% CI: 0.56, 5.70) were significantly associated with higher self-efficacy to quit smoking. These results provide data-driven indication of several key variables that can be targeted to increase smoking self-efficacy in this understudied population.
Highlights
Factors associated with baseline smoking self-efficacy among male Qatari residents smokers efforts to develop local quitlines to provide individual counseling, given this approach has been highly effective in promoting smoking cessation internationally [5]
Participants were recruited from the primary health care clinics (PHCCs) and based on the healthcare system, patients interested in quitting were referred to their closest smoking cessation clinic
Almost half of the participants (45%) reported a complete home smoking ban, 30.6% had some bans and a quarter of the sample reported that smoking was allowed anywhere in the home
Summary
Cigarette smoking remains the leading cause of many preventable diseases, with the number of smoking-attributable deaths expected to rise to 10 million per year by the year 2030 [1]. Smoking prevalence in the Eastern Mediterranean Region countries continues to be high unlike the decline observed in the rest of the world [2, 3]. Qatar is one of the countries in the region with high smoking rates, currently at 25.2% smoking prevalence among adults. This has led to country -wide efforts to implement strategies to reduce smoking prevalence [4] that has included nationwide comprehensive policies (e.g., taxation, smoke-free laws) with recent. Factors associated with baseline smoking self-efficacy among male Qatari residents smokers efforts to develop local quitlines to provide individual counseling, given this approach has been highly effective in promoting smoking cessation internationally [5]. A major component of the effectiveness of the behavioral approaches to smoking behavior change, is the building of client self-efficacy [6–9]
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