Factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and perceptions of risk factors among reproductive age women in Soba LGA, Kaduna State 2013.

Aishatu Abubakar Sadiq,Aisha Abubakar,Kabir Sabitu,Gabriele Poggensee,Thandi Puone,Patrick Nguku

doi:10.11604/pamj.2016.25.111.8739

Aishatu Abubakar Sadiq, Aisha Abubakar + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2016.25.111.8739

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Abstract

IntroductionMaternal mortality defined as deaths due to complications of pregnancy or childbirth remains a public health concern. Although statistics show a decline in maternal mortality ratio from 380 deaths to 210 deaths per 100,000 live births from1990 to 2013, in Sub-Saharan Africa, maternal mortality rates remain unacceptably high. Maternal mortality In Nigeria is currently 560/100,000 live births. This study was conducted to identify the associated risk factors and perceptions of adverse pregnancy outcomes among reproductive age women in Soba local government area (LGA).MethodsA 1:1 unmatched case control study with 138 respondents was used. Cases were women aged 15-49 years with a history of adverse pregnancy outcome. Controls: 15-49 years without a history of adverse outcomes. Adverse outcomes were: pregnancy induced hypertension and spontaneous abortions. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were taken. Six focus group discussions (FGDs) with grandmothers, mothers and teenagers were used to explore perceptions. Quantitative data was analyzed using Epi-info version 3.5.3. Qualitative data analyzed by thematic approach.ResultsThe median age of cases was: 25 years (Range: 16-44years), Median age of controls: 27 years (Range: 16-43years). Commencement of Antenatal care (ANC) attendance <4months (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.32; 95% CI: 0.12-0.81) and Number of pregnancies ≥4 (AOR: 5.02; 95% CI: 1.97-12.82) were found to be associated with adverse outcomes.ConclusionRisk factors associated with outcomes are multiple pregnancies and delayed commencement of antenatal care. There was poor perception of adverse pregnancy outcomes. We recommended frequent community health talks, early commencement of antenatal and Utilization of Family planning services.

Highlights

There is a vast difference in pregnancy outcomes between high income and many middle and low income countries
The main themes that emerged from focus group discussions were: Health problems: commonly experienced problems during pregnancy were hypertension with seizures and miscarriages
These findings are in line with those reported in a facility based study of 236 women who had not received preconception care or counseling showed that 36.4% of pregnancies had unfavorable outcomes [16]

Summary

Introduction

There is a vast difference in pregnancy outcomes between high income and many middle and low income countries. The maternal mortality ratio is 100-fold greater than in high-income countries (HIC). Even if both mother and infant survive, pregnancy complications or problems at delivery or during the neonatal period can lead to severe maternal or infant morbidity [1]. 75% percent (27,750) of these maternal deaths are attributable to direct obstetric complications, such as infection, toxemia, and unsafe induced abortion. Studies have shown these complications can be prevented; they cause deaths only because of severe socioeconomic deprivations that are present in these countries [3]. In a recent report from Maiduguri North eastern Nigeria, eclampsia accounted for 46.4% of all maternal death [4,5]

Results

Discussion

Conclusion