Factors associated with adherence to HIV testing guidelines among HIV-negative female sex workers in Kampala, Uganda

Abstract

Frequent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is recommended among female sex workers. This study examined the extent to which HIV-negative female sex workers (FSWs) in Kampala adhere to the HIV testing guidelines, and identified associated factors. This cross-sectional study used a simple random sampling method to select 12 sex work hotspots. Two hundred participants were allocated proportionally in each hotspot. Frequencies were used to describe categorical characteristics of FSWs, and a multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the factors associated with adherence to the HIV testing guidelines. Eighty-eight percent of the 200 study participants reported their HIV testing status; of these, 56% had tested three or more times in the 12 months preceding the survey. Attaining a secondary education was associated with adherence to the HIV testing guidelines [odds ratio (OR) 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-3.44; P=0.047]. Sexually transmitted infection testing in the preceding 3 months (OR 2.13, 95% CI 0.95-4.74; P=0.065) and accessing HIV testing at a drop-in centre (OR 5.90, 95% CI 0.71-49.1; P=0.101) were associated with higher odds of adherence to the HIV testing guidelines. Adherence to the HIV testing guidelines was suboptimal, indicating the need to scale up interventions to improve access to HIV testing, including rigorous behaviour change communication.