Abstract
AbstractRoad safety is a topic of concern for both health and development. Road traffic crashes are a disaster for humans. In terms of untimely deaths and injuries, it entails high human suffering and monetary costs. Road traffic crashes are controllable to corrective measures. It is, therefore, necessary to examine the causes of road traffic crashes and recommend corrective measures at a potential segment, particularly in developing countries such as India where road traffic crashes are prevalent and data on road crashes are scarce. The objective of this study is to identify risk factors related to the vehicle and the environment, that are associated with a road traffic crash on urban roads in India, based on police data records (FIR). Analyzing this basic but important data, when other geometric and land use information is missing, could help to determine the risk factors involved in road traffic crashes that are responsible for the fatal or non-fatal crash. For this study, crash data for the year 2014–2019 was collected from the Wardha City Police Department for seven road segments. A case–control study is conducted where the case is: a fatal road traffic crash; the control was a non-fatal crash. A case–control analysis is designed to assess whether exposure is related to an outcome. The risk analysis was calculated by the odds-ratio (OR) estimate, with a 95% confidence interval. Bicycles and pedestrians as victims, heavy motor vehicles as accused vehicle categories, and crossing types of vehicle maneuver were found to be major risk factors for fatal crashes, as were a few other statistically insignificant variables. Identifying factors related to the risk of being involved in a roadway traffic crash on a specific road segment aids us in recommending primary preventive measures and resolving this major threat to human health, particularly in the Indian context.KeywordsRoad traffic crashCase–control studyRisk factorsOdds-ratio
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