Factors affecting the permittivity of Gd-doped BaTiO3

Abstract

The permittivity of BaTiO3 doped with small concentrations of Gd2O3 (0.01 approximately 0.1 mol.%) are found to be remarkably dependent on the type of the solid solution formed between Gd2O3 and BaTiO3. The decrease of permittivity at the Curie peak with decreasing grain size for BaTiO3 doped with concentrations of Gd2O3 from 0.5 approximately 3 mol.% is attributed to the formation of defective non-ferroelectric grain boundary layers of low permittivity.